History of Budva is magnificent! As one of the oldest Mediterranean towns, Budva has witnessed and participated in many changes throughout human civilization. Therefore, we recommend that you pair this read with a visit to the Archaeological Museum in Budva Old Town. Or simply stroll around the town to soak in its rich cultural heritage.
A Tapestry of History
From prehistoric times, through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, the Middle Ages, Yugoslav socialism, and up to today, layers of history and culture are woven throughout Budva. You will find ancient mosaics, cemeteries, basilica remains, fortress ramparts, sacral and civil architecture, and numerous archaeological sites. They reveal the richness of our ancestors’ lives and our deep connections with them.
Prehistoric and Early Civilization
The oldest archaeological findings, dating back to 5000 BC, were discovered in Spila Cave near Perast. These findings indicate that the area was inhabited by the Middle Mediterranean civilization, the same one that settled in southern Italy and Sicily. Soon after, around 4500 to 4000 BC, the region connected with Greek and other Mediterranean cultures.
The Birth of Budva
Archaeological discoveries from Mala Gruda near Tivat suggest that Budva was established around 1900-1800 BC, during the era of Cadmus‘ rule in Thebes. It is Cadmus that many Greek and Hellenistic writers credit with founding the city of Budva. By the second half of the 4th century BC, Budva was a fortified city fully embracing Hellenistic culture, and it has been inhabited since then.
Greek Influence and Roman Rule in History of Budva
Although combative Illyrian tribes prevented Greeks from settling in Budva, the Greeks managed to establish a trade center (emporium) in the 4th-5th century BC. By the mid-1st century, the town saw Roman influence. It included homes, gardens, atriums, and the only Roman thermal baths in Montenegro.
Budva remained within the Roman Empire until its split in 395 AD, after which it fell under Byzantine rule from the 6th century.
Slavic and Medieval Era
In the late 9th century, the Slavs began to populate the region, and today’s Budva population descends from them. During the late Middle Ages, from the 12th century, the Serbian Nemanjic dynasty ruled Budva. In the 14th century, the “Statute of the City of Budva” provided the city with a degree of independence, establishing it as an export port and trade center. The statute shows the high levels of city life organization and advancement.
Venetian and Later Conquests
In 1442, after smaller victories, the Venetian Republic took over Budva, ruling for over three centuries until 1797. Venetian cultural marks remain in some Old Town façades, despite destruction from a catastrophic earthquake in 1979.
From 1807-1813, Budva fell under French rule during Napoleon Bonaparte‘s conquests, followed by nearly 100 years of Austro-Hungarian occupation. It was liberated in 1918 after World War I.
Modern Era in History of Budva
Budva became a favorite summer retreat for the Serbian royal family Karadjordjevic in the 1930s. The stunning King’s and Queen’s beaches, now part of the Aman resort, were built during this period. Unfortunately, these beautiful beaches are among the most expensive and not accessible to everyone.
After World War II, Budva became part of socialist Yugoslavia, leaving behind unique examples of Yugoslav architecture. This era also marked the beginning of Budva’s tourism boom, with the establishment of the unique town-hotel Sveti Stefan and the flagship resort Slovenska Plaza in 1984.
Experience Budva’s Rich History
The best way to learn about Budva’s history is to combine reading with live sightseeing! Explore the Archaeological Museum, stroll through the Old Town, and immerse yourself in the layers of history that make Budva a truly magical place!
